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What are the options for Microfinance in water (governance) related projects? How does Microfinance relate to investment/rentability, livelihoods, development aspects from a water-angle?
== Livelihood aspects ==
=== Rentability of Watershed investments ===
Usually, [[watershed]] management activities generate little value to those land users whose practices are to be changed.  Value is generated more often to users downstream, such as [[hydropower]] facilities, canals, etc.  Thus, it would make little sense for a land owner to get him or herself into a financial obligation which, in the end, will benefit someone else.  An outright cross subsidy would achieve the desired results much better.  A scheme along the lines of Costa Rica´s Payment for Environmental Services program or similar should be a much better option. Check for instance: http://www.fonafifo.com/paginas_english/environmental_services/servicios_ambientales.htm
(''[mailto:jaime.echeverria@undp.org Jaime Echeverria], UNDP Costa Rica'')
=== Example from Somaliland ===
A very good example is underway in Somaliland, north-eastern Somalia if there are those worried on political issues, where German Agro Action have taken forward a comprehensive watershed management scheme. Funded by the EC, contact our colleagues in UNDP Somalia who may have the primary contacts now.
This may link in with a wider initiative where UNICEF are also involved regarding the watershed for Hargeisa water supply. Be worth following.
(''[mailto:paul.crook@undp.org Paul Crook], UNDP'')
=== Microfinance as entry-point for sustainable watershed management ===
There are no questions about the strength of environmental projects that incorporate a comprehensive approach to solution of problems linking environment-poverty reduction-participation/governance. Micro-finance initiatives in that sense are a very good entry point not only to deal with "income generation objectives", but also to facilitate community organization, women’s empowerment, promotion of transparency and accountability in public decision-making, and finally to promote a more sustainable approach towards the solution of problems associated to watershed management. A good source for looking at the combination of environment-poverty reduction-microfinance-governance is this:
[http://population.wri.org/worldresources2005-pub-4073.html World Resources 2005 -- The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty]. UNDP, UNEP, The World Bank, World Resources Institute.
In there you will also find references linked to watershed management.
(''[mailto:lenni.montiel@undp.org Lenni Montiel], UNDP Viet Nam'')
=== Default rates ===
The question about default rates is per se a challenge to "any micro-finance project" and not only to those related to environmental issues. How to ensure that payment of credits does not become a problem has a lot to do with how well the project (institutions) is designed, managed and monitored/controlled. Have a look at the [http://www.uncdf.org/english/microfinance/index.php experience of UNCDF in micro-finance in least developed countries], to find lessons learnt about how to run micro-finance projects successfully (with several examples). Of course there are many other organizations with similar experience. For example, <b> NGO Catholic Relief Services </b> reports good results in [http://www.waterwiki.net/index.php/Watershed_Management_Projects_and_Microfinance_comparative_experiences India] organising groups of people to establish watershed management projects, including ''savings groups'' that provide small loans to jump-start new businesses.
(''[mailto:lenni.montiel@undp.org Lenni Montiel], UNDP Viet Nam'')
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== [[Experience:Watershed Management Projects and Microfinance comparative experiences]] ==
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== Further Readings, References, Links ==
[http://www.ifad.org/english/operations/pa/gmb/i633gm/index.htm Participatory Integrated-Watershed Management Project. The Gambia. IFAD]
[http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/OPERATIONSINFORMATION/BURUNDI%20-%20THE%20WATERSHED%20MANAGEMENT%20PROJECT%20PABV.PDF THE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT (PABV) – Burundi. African Development Bank.  Appraisal report].
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[[Category:Microfinance]]
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