Turkey

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Turkey is part of:
Balkans · Caucasus · Europe & CIS · South East Europe · Western Asia ·
Water Basins of Turkey:
Asi-Orontes · Black Sea · Coruh · Kura-Araks · Maritsa · Nahr El Kebir · Rezvaya · Tigris-Euphrates-Shatt al Arab · Velaka ·

Facts & Figures

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Capital

Ankara

Neighbouring Countries

Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Syria

Total Area

780,580 km²

- Water

9,820 km² (1.26%) / 126 m²/ha

- Land

770,760 km²

Coastline

7,200 km

Population

70,586,256 (93 inhab./km²)

HDI^A

0.798 (2007)

Gini Coefficient^A

43.6 (1995)

Nominal GDP^B

$798,900 million

GDP (PPP) Per Capita^B

$12,900

National UN Presence

FAO, UNDP, UNHCR, WHO, UNICEF, WB, UNIDO

Land Use^C

- Cultivated Land

255,893 km² (33.2%)

- Arable

229,764 km² (29.81%)

- Permanent Crops

26,129 km² (3.39%)

- Irrigated

52,150 km²

- Non cultivated

514,868 km² (66.8%)

Average Annual Rainfall^D

593 mm

Renewable Water Resources^E

234 km³

Water Withdrawals^F	37.53 km³/yr
- For Agricultural Use	74%
- For Domestic Use	15%
- For Industrial Use	11%
- Per Capita	550 m³

Population with safe access to
- Improved Water Source	96%
- Urban population	98%
- Rural population	93%
- Improved Sanitation	88%
- Urban population	96%
- Rural population	72%

References & Remarks

^A UNDP Human Development Report

^B CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia

^C CIA World Factbook Country Profiles

^D Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture

^E CIA World Factbook

^F Earthtrends

1 News
2 Country Profile: Climate, Geography, Socio-Economic Context
3 Country Profile: Water Bodies and Resources
4 Country Profile: Legal and Institutional Environment
5 Country Profile: Water Sector Coordination
6 Country Profile: Trends in Water Use, Management and Sanitation
7 Country Profile: Challenges and Opportunities
8 Articles
9 Projects and Case Studies
10 Publications
11 Who is Who
12 References
13 See also
14 External Resources

News

Country Profile: Climate, Geography, Socio-Economic Context

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 as the secular successor state of the Ottoman Empire by Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Turkey is strategically located in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea (between Bulgaria and Georgia) and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea (between Greece and Syria). Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2004 still accounted for more than 35% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. A major political and economic issue over the next decade is whether or not Turkey will become a member of the EU. Turkey has complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea while Syria and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper Euphrates waters

Country Profile: Water Bodies and Resources

Contrary to the general belief, Turkey is not a country abundant in water resources. The availability of water per capita in Turkey is only about one fifth of that of the water rich countries of North America and Western Europe.

Turkey is situated between three major bodies of water on each side: the Black Sea in the North, the Mediterranean Sea in the South and the Aegean Sea in the West. The climate is generally semi-arid and precipitation figures exhibit great variation throughout the country. Turkey's territory is divided into 26 drainage basins. However, the rivers often have irregular regimes and natural flows cannot generally be considered as usable resources. Total annual rainfall yields 501 billion cubic meters of water in Turkey. Only 186 billion cubic meters of this amount forms the surface run-off. Due to technical and economic reasons merely 98 billion cubic meters can be put to economic use. This is supplemented by a further 12 billion cubic meters of underground water. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers which originate in the high mountains of north-eastern Anatolia account for about 28.5 percent of Turkey's total surface water flow.

There are 1149 dams in Turkey. 203 of those are major dams and the rest are small to medium in size. These dams and other small reservoirs have allowed Turkey to store water during brief seasons of rainfall and then to use it throughout the year for irrigation, energy, drinking and sanitation. Thanks to the multipurpose water infrastructures built by Turkey, even during droughts, it has been possible to release sufficient amounts of water to downstream countries. In the Turkish Constitution, natural properties and resources are under the disposal of the State